Two years in, the Inflation Reduction Act is lowering health care costs and creating a clean energy jobs boom in North Carolina

The Inflation Reduction Act ensured that 135,000 North Carolinians were able to keep their health insurance, reduced the cost of insulin for nearly 57,000 North Carolina seniors, and incentivized manufacturers to invest in the state and create more clean energy jobs.

Two years ago today, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) was signed into law.

The legislation represented the largest-ever investment in fighting climate change, lowered health care and prescription drug costs, raised taxes on corporations, and boosted funding for the Internal Revenue Service to go after wealthy tax cheats.

The bill was passed with only Democratic votes, with every North Carolina Republican in Congress voting against it, despite its potentially transformative impact on the economy and the nation’s clean energy infrastructure.

Here are some highlights of how the Inflation Reduction Act has impacted North Carolina: 

Lower health care and prescription drug costs

The Inflation Reduction Act extended generous subsidies that helped make Affordable Care Act (ACA) health insurance plans more affordable for working- and middle-class families.

Those subsidies were introduced as part of President Joe Biden’s American Rescue Plan of 2021, and were set to expire at the end of 2022, but the IRA extended them through the end of 2025.

Roughly 135,000 North Carolinians were set to lose their individual coverage and become uninsured had those subsidies expired at the end of 2022, but thanks to the Inflation Reduction Act, those people got to keep their insurance.

The IRA also reformed Medicare to lower drug costs for many of the over 1.6 million North Carolina seniors with Medicare Part D coverage, which covers prescription drugs.

For example, beginning last year, all vaccines covered under Medicare Part D are free, and the bill implemented a $35 monthly cap on insulin for Medicare recipients.

As a result, nearly 57,000 North Carolina seniors on Medicare who use insulin are now charged no more than $35 per month for an insulin prescription. 

The IRA will also implement a $2,000 cap on Medicare recipients’ annual out-of-pocket prescription drug costs, beginning in 2025. In North Carolina, an estimated 662,600 seniors are expected to save $406 a year each due to this provision, according to an analysis by the US Department of Health and Human Services.

Additionally, the law authorized Medicare to negotiate prices for expensive drugs with pharmaceutical companies for the first time. On Thursday, the Biden-Harris administration announced the new, lower prices of 10 expensive and widely-used drugs that were selected last year for the first round of negotiations.

The negotiations — which used the power of Medicare to lower drug costs for seniors — are expected to save taxpayers about $6 billion in 2026, when they go into effect. The new prices will be anywhere from 38% to 79% lower than the drugs’ list prices last year, saving seniors on Medicare an estimated $1.5 billion in out-of-pocket costs in 2026 alone. 

Fighting climate change and saving families money on energy

Arguably the most critical element of the IRA is its provisions to reduce emissions that cause climate change and drive extreme weather events. The law aims to do this by establishing a mix of tax credits for companies and rebates for consumers in order to make the manufacturing and consumption of clean energy technologies and products cheaper. 

In other words: by making clean energy—like solar, wind, and hydropower—cheaper to produce and use, the IRA seeks to hasten the transition away from fossil fuels that are one of the biggest sources of emissions.

For example, under the law, manufacturers get subsidies for building electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy products, and utilities get credits for choosing solar and wind energy over fossil fuel plants.

As of 2024, the Inflation Reduction Act has spurred $19.1 billion in new clean energy investments in North Carolina and created 11,850 new clean energy jobs statewide, according to Climate Power. 

In North Carolina, several manufacturers have already taken advantage of the IRA’s incentives.

More than 300 jobs are headed to Charlotte after Alpitronic America, Inc., a leading manufacturer of electric vehicle charging units, announced that it selected Queen City for a new facility, for example. Additionally, Atom Power, which makes electric vehicle charging equipment, is planning a $4.2 million expansion of its Huntersville headquarters that will create 205 jobs.

The IRA also provided $80 billion in financial rebates for millions of households to adopt those clean energy products, such as electric vehicles, solar panels, and more efficient heat pumps.

More than three million American households took advantage of the IRA’s subsidies for homeowners last year, which led to a combined savings of $8 billion, according to data from the Treasury Department. This includes 85,350 North Carolina households that saved over $173 million, or $2,034 per household on average.